Problem
There are many instances when dates and times don’t show up at your doorstep in the format you’d like it to be, nor does the output of a query fit the needs of the people viewing it. One option is to format the data in the application itself. Another option is to use the built-in functions SQL Server provides to format the date string for you.
There are many instances when dates and times don’t show up at your doorstep in the format you’d like it to be, nor does the output of a query fit the needs of the people viewing it. One option is to format the data in the application itself. Another option is to use the built-in functions SQL Server provides to format the date string for you.
Solution
SQL Server provides a number of options you can use to format a date/time string. One of the first considerations is the actual date/time needed. The most common is the current date/time using getdate(). This provides the current date and time according to the server providing the date and time. If a universal date/time is needed, then getutcdate() should be used. To change the format of the date, you convert the requested date to a string and specify the format number corresponding to the format needed. Below is a list of formats and an example of the output:
SQL Server provides a number of options you can use to format a date/time string. One of the first considerations is the actual date/time needed. The most common is the current date/time using getdate(). This provides the current date and time according to the server providing the date and time. If a universal date/time is needed, then getutcdate() should be used. To change the format of the date, you convert the requested date to a string and specify the format number corresponding to the format needed. Below is a list of formats and an example of the output:
DATE FORMATS | ||
Format # | Query (current date: 12/30/2006) | Sample |
1 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 1) | 12/30/06 |
2 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 2) | 06.12.30 |
3 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 3) | 30/12/06 |
4 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 4) | 30.12.06 |
5 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 5) | 30-12-06 |
6 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 6) | 30 Dec 06 |
7 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 7) | Dec 30, 06 |
10 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 10) | 12-30-06 |
11 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 11) | 06/12/30 |
101 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 101) | 12/30/2006 |
102 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 102) | 2006.12.30 |
103 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 103) | 30/12/2006 |
104 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 104) | 30.12.2006 |
105 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 105) | 30-12-2006 |
106 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 106) | 30 Dec 2006 |
107 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 107) | Dec 30, 2006 |
110 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 110) | 12-30-2006 |
111 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 111) | 2006/12/30 |
TIME FORMATS | ||
8 or 108 | select convert(varchar, getdate(),  | 00:38:54 |
9 or 109 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 9) | Dec 30 2006 12:38:54:840AM |
14 or 114 | select convert(varchar, getdate(), 14) | 00:38:54:840 |
You can also format the date or time without dividing characters, as well as concatenate the date and time string:
Sample statement | Output |
select replace(convert(varchar, getdate(),101),’/',”) | 12302006 |
select replace(convert(varchar, getdate(),101),’/',”) + replace(convert(varchar, getdate(),108),’:',”) | 12302006004426 |
Next Steps
- The formats listed above are not inclusive of all formats provided. Experiment with the different format numbers to see what others are available
- These formats can be used for all date/time functions, as well as data being served to clients, so experiment with these data format conversions to see if they can provide data more efficiently
- Find more tips on MSSQLTIPS
How to format datetime & date with century?
Execute the following Microsoft SQL Server T-SQL datetime, date and time formatting scripts in Management Studio Query Editor to demonstrate the usage of the multitude of temporal data formats available and the application of date / datetime functions.– SQL Server T-SQL date and datetime formats – sql date / datetime format
– Date time formats – mssql datetime – sql server date formats – sql dates format
– MSSQL getdate returns current system date and time in standard internal format
– SQL datetime formats with century (YYYY or CCYY format)- sql time format
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 100) – mon dd yyyy hh:mmAM (or PM)
– Oct 2 2010 11:01AM
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 101) – mm/dd/yyyy - 10/02/2010
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 102) – yyyy.mm.dd – 2010.10.02
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 103) – dd/mm/yyyy
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 104) – dd.mm.yyyy
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 105) – dd-mm-yyyy
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 106) – dd mon yyyy
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 107) – mon dd, yyyy
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 108) – hh:mm:ss
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 109) – mon dd yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmmAM (or PM)
– Oct 2 2010 11:02:44:013AM
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 110) – mm-dd-yyyy
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 111) – yyyy/mm/dd
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 112) – yyyymmdd
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 113) – dd mon yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmm
– 02 Oct 2010 11:02:07:577
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 114) – hh:mm:ss:mmm(24h)
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 120) – yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss(24h)
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 121) – yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.mmm
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 126) – yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.mmm
– 2010-10-02T10:52:47.513
– Without century (YY) date / datetime conversion – there are exceptions!
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 0) – mon dd yyyy hh:mmAM (or PM)
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 1) – mm/dd/yy
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 2) – yy.mm.dd
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 3) – dd/mm/yy
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 4) – dd.mm.yy
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 5) – dd-mm-yy
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 6) – dd mon yy
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 7) – mon dd, yy
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 8) – hh:mm:ss
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 9) – mon dd yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmmAM (or PM)
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 10) – mm-dd-yy
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 11) – yy/mm/dd
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 12) – yymmdd
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 13) – dd mon yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmm
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 14) – hh:mm:ss:mmm(24h)
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 20) – yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss(24h)
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 21) – yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.mmm
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 22) – mm/dd/yy hh:mm:ss AM (or PM)
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 23) – yyyy-mm-dd
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 24) – hh:mm:ss
SELECT convert(varchar, getdate(), 25) – yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.mmm
– SQL create different date styles with t-sql string functions
SELECT replace(convert(varchar, getdate(), 111), ‘/’, ‘ ‘) – yyyy mm dd
SELECT convert(varchar(7), getdate(), 126) – yyyy-mm
SELECT right(convert(varchar, getdate(), 106), 8) – mon yyyy
SELECT substring(convert(varchar, getdate(), 120),6, 11) – mm-dd hh:mm
SELECT substring(convert(varchar, getdate(), 120),6, 11) – mm-dd hh:mm
————
– SQL Server date formatting function – convert datetime to string
————
– SQL datetime functions – SQL date functions – SQL datetime formatting
– SQL Server date formats – sql server date datetime – sql date formatting
– T-SQL convert dates – T-SQL date formats – Transact-SQL date formats
– Formatting dates sql server – sql convert datetime format
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fnFormatDate (@Datetime DATETIME, @FormatMask VARCHAR(32))
RETURNS VARCHAR(32)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @StringDate VARCHAR(32)
SET @StringDate = @FormatMask
IF (CHARINDEX (‘YYYY’,@StringDate) > 0)
SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, ‘YYYY’, DATENAME(YY, @Datetime))
IF (CHARINDEX (‘YY’,@StringDate) > 0)
SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, ‘YY’, RIGHT(DATENAME(YY, @Datetime),2))
IF (CHARINDEX (‘Month’,@StringDate) > 0)
SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, ‘Month’, DATENAME(MM, @Datetime))
IF (CHARINDEX (‘MON’,@StringDate COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CS_AS)>0)
SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, ‘MON’,
LEFT(UPPER(DATENAME(MM, @Datetime)),3))
IF (CHARINDEX (‘Mon’,@StringDate) > 0)
SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, ‘Mon’, LEFT(DATENAME(MM, @Datetime),3))
IF (CHARINDEX (‘MM’,@StringDate) > 0)
SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, ‘MM’,
RIGHT(’0′+CONVERT(VARCHAR,DATEPART(MM, @Datetime)),2))
IF (CHARINDEX (‘M’,@StringDate) > 0)
SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, ‘M’,
CONVERT(VARCHAR,DATEPART(MM, @Datetime)))
IF (CHARINDEX (‘DD’,@StringDate) > 0)
SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, ‘DD’,
RIGHT(’0′+DATENAME(DD, @Datetime),2))
IF (CHARINDEX (‘D’,@StringDate) > 0)
SET @StringDate = REPLACE(@StringDate, ‘D’, DATENAME(DD, @Datetime))
RETURN @StringDate
END
GO
– Microsoft SQL Server date format function test
– MSSQL formatting dates – sql datetime date
SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), ‘MM/DD/YYYY’) – 01/03/2012
SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), ‘DD/MM/YYYY’) – 03/01/2012
SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), ‘M/DD/YYYY’) – 1/03/2012
SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), ‘M/D/YYYY’) – 1/3/2012
SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), ‘M/D/YY’) – 1/3/12
SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), ‘MM/DD/YY’) – 01/03/12
SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), ‘MON DD, YYYY’) – JAN 03, 2012
SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), ‘Mon DD, YYYY’) – Jan 03, 2012
SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), ‘Month DD, YYYY’) – January 03, 2012
SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), ‘YYYY/MM/DD’) – 2012/01/03
SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), ‘YYYYMMDD’) – 20120103
SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (getdate(), ‘YYYY-MM-DD’) – 2012-01-03
– CURRENT_TIMESTAMP returns current system date and time in standard internal format
SELECT dbo.fnFormatDate (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,‘YY.MM.DD’) – 12.01.03
GO
————
/***** SELECTED SQL DATE/DATETIME FORMATS WITH NAMES *****/
– SQL format datetime – - sql hh mm ss – sql yyyy mm dd
– Default format: Oct 23 2006 10:40AM
SELECT [Default]=CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),100)
– US-Style format: 10/23/2006
SELECT [US-Style]=CONVERT(char,GETDATE(),101)
– ANSI format: 2006.10.23
SELECT [ANSI]=CONVERT(char,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,102)
– UK-Style format: 23/10/2006
SELECT [UK-Style]=CONVERT(char,GETDATE(),103)
– German format: 23.10.2006
SELECT [German]=CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),104)
– ISO format: 20061023
SELECT ISO=CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),112)
– ISO8601 format: 2010-10-23T19:20:16.003
SELECT [ISO8601]=CONVERT(varchar,GETDATE(),126)
————
– SQL Server datetime formats – Format dates SQL Server 2005 / 2008
– Century date format MM/DD/YYYY usage in a query
– Century date format MM/DD/YYYY usage in a query
SELECT TOP (1)
SalesOrderID,
OrderDate = CONVERT(char(10), OrderDate, 101),
OrderDateTime = OrderDate
FROM AdventureWorks.Sales.SalesOrderHeader
/*
SalesOrderID OrderDate OrderDateTime
43697 07/01/2001 2001-07-01 00:00:00.000
*/
– SQL update datetime column - SQL datetime DATEADD – datetime function
UPDATE Production.Product
SET ModifiedDate=DATEADD(dd,1, ModifiedDate)
WHERE ProductID = 1001
– MM/DD/YY date format - Datetime format sql
SELECT TOP (1)
SalesOrderID,
OrderDate = CONVERT(varchar(8), OrderDate, 1),
OrderDateTime = OrderDate
FROM AdventureWorks.Sales.SalesOrderHeader
ORDER BY SalesOrderID desc
/*
SalesOrderID OrderDate OrderDateTime
75123 07/31/04 2004-07-31 00:00:00.000
*/
————
– SQL convert datetime to char – sql date string concatenation: + (plus) operatorPRINT ‘Style 110: ‘+CONVERT(CHAR(10),GETDATE(),110) – Style 110: 07-10-2012
PRINT ‘Style 111: ‘+CONVERT(CHAR(10),GETDATE(),111) – Style 111: 2012/07/10
PRINT ‘Style 112: ‘+CONVERT(CHAR(8), GETDATE(),112) – Style 112: 20120710
————– Combining different style formats for date & time
– Datetime formats – sql times format – datetime formats sql
DECLARE @Date DATETIME
SET @Date = ’2015-12-22 03:51 PM’
SELECT CONVERT(CHAR(10),@Date,110) + SUBSTRING(CONVERT(varchar,@Date,0),12,8)
– Result: 12-22-2015 3:51PM
– Microsoft SQL Server cast datetime to string
SELECT stringDateTime=CAST (getdate() as varchar)
– Result: Dec 29 2012 3:47AM
————
– SQL Server date and time functions overview
————
– SQL Server CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function
– SQL Server datetime functions
– local NYC – EST – Eastern Standard Time zone
– SQL DATEADD function – SQL DATEDIFF function
SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP – 2012-01-05 07:02:10.577
– SQL Server DATEADD function
SELECT DATEADD(month,2,’2012-12-09′) – 2013-02-09 00:00:00.000
– SQL Server DATEDIFF function
SELECT DATEDIFF(day,’2012-12-09′,’2013-02-09′) – 62
– SQL Server DATENAME function
SELECT DATENAME(month, ’2012-12-09′) – December
SELECT DATENAME(weekday, ’2012-12-09′) – Sunday
– SQL Server DATEPART function
SELECT DATEPART(month, ’2012-12-09′) – 12
– SQL Server DAY function
SELECT DAY(’2012-12-09′) – 9
– SQL Server GETDATE function
– local NYC – EST – Eastern Standard Time zone
SELECT GETDATE() – 2012-01-05 07:02:10.577
– SQL Server GETUTCDATE function
– London – Greenwich Mean Time
SELECT GETUTCDATE() – 2012-01-05 12:02:10.577
– SQL Server MONTH function
SELECT MONTH(’2012-12-09′) – 12
– SQL Server YEAR function
SELECT YEAR(’2012-12-09′) – 2012
————
– T-SQL Date and time function application
– CURRENT_TIMESTAMP and getdate() are the same in T-SQL
————
– T-SQL first day of week and last day of week
SELECT FirstDateOfWeek = dateadd(dd,-DATEPART(dw,GETDATE()) + 1,GETDATE())
SELECT LastDateOfWeek = dateadd(dd,7 - DATEPART(dw,GETDATE()),GETDATE())
– SQL first day of the month
– SQL first date of the month
– SQL first day of current month – 2012-01-01 00:00:00.000
SELECT DATEADD(dd,0,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),0))
– SQL last day of the month
– SQL last date of the month
– SQL last day of current month – 2012-01-31 00:00:00.000
SELECT DATEADD(dd,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)+1,0))
– SQL first day of last month
– SQL first day of previous month – 2011-12-01 00:00:00.000
SELECT DATEADD(mm,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),0))
– SQL last day of last month
– SQL last day of previous month – 2011-12-31 00:00:00.000
SELECT DATEADD(dd,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,DATEADD(MM,-1,GETDATE()))+1,0))
– SQL first day of next month – 2012-02-01 00:00:00.000
SELECT DATEADD(mm,1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP),0))
– SQL last day of next month – 2012-02-28 00:00:00.000
SELECT DATEADD(dd,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,DATEADD(MM,1,GETDATE()))+1,0))
GO
– SQL first day of a month – 2012-10-01 00:00:00.000
DECLARE @Date datetime; SET @Date = ’2012-10-23′
SELECT DATEADD(dd,0,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,@Date),0))
GO
– SQL last day of a month – 2012-03-31 00:00:00.000
DECLARE @Date datetime; SET @Date = ’2012-03-15′
SELECT DATEADD(dd,-1,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,@Date)+1,0))
GO
GO
– SQL first day of year
– SQL first day of the year - 2012-01-01 00:00:00.000
SELECT DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), 0)
– SQL last day of year
– SQL last day of the year – 2012-12-31 00:00:00.000
SELECT DATEADD(yy,1, DATEADD(dd, -1, DATEADD(yy,
DATEDIFF(yy,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), 0)))
– SQL last day of last year
– SQL last day of previous year – 2011-12-31 00:00:00.000
SELECT DATEADD(dd,-1,DATEADD(yy,DATEDIFF(yy,0,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), 0))
GO
GO
– SQL calculate age in years, months, days - Format dates SQL Server 2008
– SQL table-valued function - SQL user-defined function – UDF
– SQL Server age calculation – date difference
USE AdventureWorks2008;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION fnAge (@BirthDate DATETIME)
RETURNS @Age TABLE(Years INT,
Months INT,
Days INT)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @EndDate DATETIME, @Anniversary DATETIME
SET @EndDate = Getdate()
SET @Anniversary = Dateadd(yy,Datediff(yy,@BirthDate,@EndDate),@BirthDate)
INSERT @Age
SELECT Datediff(yy,@BirthDate,@EndDate) - (CASE
WHEN @Anniversary > @EndDate THEN 1
ELSE 0
END), 0, 0
UPDATE @Age SET Months = Month(@EndDate - @Anniversary) - 1
UPDATE @Age SET Days = Day(@EndDate - @Anniversary) - 1
RETURN
END
GO
– Test table-valued UDF
SELECT * FROM fnAge(’1956-10-23′)
SELECT * FROM dbo.fnAge(’1956-10-23′)
/* Results
Years Months Days
52 4 1
*/
———-
– SQL date range between
———-
– SQL between dates
USE AdventureWorks;
– SQL between
SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader
WHERE OrderDate BETWEEN ’20040301′ AND ’20040315′
– Result: 108
– BETWEEN operator is equivalent to >=…AND….<=
SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader
WHERE OrderDate
BETWEEN ’2004-03-01 00:00:00.000′ AND ’2004-03-15 00:00:00.000′
/*
Orders with OrderDates
’2004-03-15 00:00:01.000′ – 1 second after midnight (12:00AM)
’2004-03-15 00:01:00.000′ – 1 minute after midnight
’2004-03-15 01:00:00.000′ – 1 hour after midnight
are not included in the two queries above.
*/
– To include the entire day of 2004-03-15 use the following two solutions
SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader
WHERE OrderDate >= ’20040301′ AND OrderDate < ’20040316′
– SQL between with DATE type (SQL Server 2008)
SELECT POs=COUNT(*) FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader
WHERE CONVERT(DATE, OrderDate) BETWEEN ’20040301′ AND ’20040315′
———-
– Non-standard format conversion: 2011 December 14
– SQL datetime to string
SELECT [YYYY Month DD] =
CAST(YEAR(GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR(4))+ ‘ ‘+
DATENAME(MM, GETDATE()) + ‘ ‘ +
CAST(DAY(GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR(2))
– Converting datetime to YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format: 20121214172638
SELECT replace(convert(varchar, getdate(),111),‘/’,”) +
replace(convert(varchar, getdate(),108),‘:’,”)
– Datetime custom format conversion to YYYY_MM_DD
select CurrentDate=rtrim(year(getdate())) + ‘_’ +
right(’0′ + rtrim(month(getdate())),2) + ‘_’ +
right(’0′ + rtrim(day(getdate())),2)
– Converting seconds to HH:MM:SS format
declare @Seconds int
set @Seconds = 10000
select TimeSpan=right(’0′ +rtrim(@Seconds / 3600),2) + ‘:’ +
right(’0′ + rtrim((@Seconds % 3600) / 60),2) + ‘:’ +
right(’0′ + rtrim(@Seconds % 60),2)
– Result: 02:46:40
– Test result
select 2*3600 + 46*60 + 40
– Result: 10000
– Set the time portion of a datetime value to 00:00:00.000
– SQL strip time from date
– SQL strip time from datetime
SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ,DATEADD(dd, DATEDIFF(dd, 0, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP), 0)
– Results: 2014-01-23 05:35:52.793 2014-01-23 00:00:00.000
/* VALID DATE RANGES FOR DATE/DATETIME DATA TYPES
SMALLDATETIME (4 bytes) date range:
January 1, 1900 through June 6, 2079
DATETIME (8 bytes) date range:
January 1, 1753 through December 31, 9999
DATETIME2 (8 bytes) date range (SQL Server 2008):
January 1,1 AD through December 31, 9999 AD
DATE (3 bytes) date range (SQL Server 2008):
January 1, 1 AD through December 31, 9999 AD
*******/
– Selecting with CONVERT into different styles
– Note: Only Japan & ISO styles can be used in ORDER BY
SELECT TOP(1)
Italy = CONVERT(varchar, OrderDate, 105)
, USA = CONVERT(varchar, OrderDate, 110)
, Japan = CONVERT(varchar, OrderDate, 111)
, ISO = CONVERT(varchar, OrderDate, 112)
FROM AdventureWorks.Purchasing.PurchaseOrderHeader
ORDER BY PurchaseOrderID DESC
/* Results
Italy USA Japan ISO
25-07-2004 07-25-2004 2004/07/25 20040725
*/
– SQL Server convert date to integer
DECLARE @Datetime datetime
SET @Datetime = ’2012-10-23 10:21:05.345′
SELECT DateAsInteger = CAST (CONVERT(varchar,@Datetime,112) as INT)
– Result: 20121023
– SQL Server convert integer to datetime
DECLARE @intDate int
SET @intDate = 20120315
SELECT IntegerToDatetime = CAST(CAST(@intDate as varchar) as datetime)
– Result: 2012-03-15 00:00:00.000
————
– SQL Server CONVERT script applying table INSERT/UPDATE
————
– SQL Server convert date
– Datetime column is converted into date only string column
USE tempdb;
GO
CREATE TABLE sqlConvertDateTime (
DatetimeCol datetime,
DateCol char(8));
INSERT sqlConvertDateTime (DatetimeCol) SELECT GETDATE()
UPDATE sqlConvertDateTime
SET DateCol = CONVERT(char(10), DatetimeCol, 112)
SELECT * FROM sqlConvertDateTime
– SQL Server convert datetime
– The string date column is converted into datetime column
UPDATE sqlConvertDateTime
SET DatetimeCol = CONVERT(Datetime, DateCol, 112)
SELECT * FROM sqlConvertDateTime
– Adding a day to the converted datetime column with DATEADD
UPDATE sqlConvertDateTime
SET DatetimeCol = DATEADD(day, 1, CONVERT(Datetime, DateCol, 112))
SELECT * FROM sqlConvertDateTime
– Equivalent formulation
– SQL Server cast datetime
UPDATE sqlConvertDateTime
SET DatetimeCol = DATEADD(dd, 1, CAST(DateCol AS datetime))
SELECT * FROM sqlConvertDateTime
GO
DROP TABLE sqlConvertDateTime
GO
/* First results
DatetimeCol DateCol
2014-12-25 16:04:15.373 20141225 */
/* Second results:
DatetimeCol DateCol
2014-12-25 00:00:00.000 20141225 */
/* Third results:
DatetimeCol DateCol
2014-12-26 00:00:00.000 20141225 */
————
– SQL month sequence – SQL date sequence generation with table variable
– SQL Server cast string to datetime – SQL Server cast datetime to string
– SQL Server insert default values method
DECLARE @Sequence table (Sequence int identity(1,1))
DECLARE @i int; SET @i = 0
DECLARE @StartDate datetime;
SET @StartDate = CAST(CONVERT(varchar, year(getdate()))+
RIGHT(’0′+convert(varchar,month(getdate())),2) + ’01′ AS DATETIME)
WHILE ( @i < 120)
BEGIN
INSERT @Sequence DEFAULT VALUES
SET @i = @i + 1
END
SELECT MonthSequence = CAST(DATEADD(month, Sequence,@StartDate) AS varchar)
FROM @Sequence
GO
/* Partial results:
MonthSequence
Jan 1 2012 12:00AM
Feb 1 2012 12:00AM
Mar 1 2012 12:00AM
Apr 1 2012 12:00AM
*/
————
————
– SQL Server Server datetime internal storage
– SQL Server datetime formats
– SQL Server datetime formats
————
– SQL Server datetime to hex
SELECT Now=CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, HexNow=CAST(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS BINARY(8))
/* Results
Now HexNow
2009-01-02 17:35:59.297 0x00009B850122092D
*/
– SQL Server date part – left 4 bytes – Days since 1900-01-01
SELECT Now=DATEADD(DAY, CONVERT(INT, 0x00009B85), ’19000101′)
GO
– Result: 2009-01-02 00:00:00.000
– SQL time part – right 4 bytes – milliseconds since midnight
– 1000/300 is an adjustment factor
– SQL dateadd to Midnight
SELECT Now=DATEADD(MS, (1000.0/300)* CONVERT(BIGINT, 0x0122092D), ’2009-01-02′)
GO
– Result: 2009-01-02 17:35:59.290
————
————
– String date and datetime date&time columns usage
– SQL Server datetime formats in tables
– SQL Server datetime formats in tables
————
USE tempdb;
SET NOCOUNT ON;
– SQL Server select into table create
SELECT TOP (5)
FullName=convert(nvarchar(50),FirstName+‘ ‘+LastName),
BirthDate = CONVERT(char(8), BirthDate,112),
ModifiedDate = getdate()
INTO Employee
FROM AdventureWorks.HumanResources.Employee e
INNER JOIN AdventureWorks.Person.Contact c
ON c.ContactID = e.ContactID
ORDER BY EmployeeID
GO
– SQL Server alter table
ALTER TABLE Employee ALTER COLUMN FullName nvarchar(50) NOT NULL
GO
ALTER TABLE Employee
ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_Employee] PRIMARY KEY (FullName )
GO
/* Results
Table definition for the Employee table
Note: BirthDate is string date (only)
CREATE TABLE dbo.Employee(
FullName nvarchar(50) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
BirthDate char(8) NULL,
ModifiedDate datetime NOT NULL
)
*/
SELECT * FROM Employee ORDER BY FullName
GO
/* Results
FullName BirthDate ModifiedDate
Guy Gilbert 19720515 2009-01-03 10:10:19.217
Kevin Brown 19770603 2009-01-03 10:10:19.217
Rob Walters 19650123 2009-01-03 10:10:19.217
Roberto Tamburello 19641213 2009-01-03 10:10:19.217
Thierry D’Hers 19490829 2009-01-03 10:10:19.217
*/
– SQL Server age
SELECT FullName, Age = DATEDIFF(YEAR, BirthDate, GETDATE()),
RowMaintenanceDate = CAST (ModifiedDate AS varchar)
FROM Employee ORDER BY FullName
GO
/* Results
FullName Age RowMaintenanceDate
Guy Gilbert 37 Jan 3 2009 10:10AM
Kevin Brown 32 Jan 3 2009 10:10AM
Rob Walters 44 Jan 3 2009 10:10AM
Roberto Tamburello 45 Jan 3 2009 10:10AM
Thierry D’Hers 60 Jan 3 2009 10:10AM
*/
– SQL Server age of Rob Walters on specific dates
– SQL Server string to datetime implicit conversion with DATEADD
SELECT AGE50DATE = DATEADD(YY, 50, ’19650123′)
GO
– Result: 2015-01-23 00:00:00.000
– SQL Server datetime to string, Italian format for ModifiedDate
– SQL Server string to datetime implicit conversion with DATEDIFF
SELECT FullName,
AgeDEC31 = DATEDIFF(YEAR, BirthDate, ’20141231′),
AgeJAN01 = DATEDIFF(YEAR, BirthDate, ’20150101′),
AgeJAN23 = DATEDIFF(YEAR, BirthDate, ’20150123′),
AgeJAN24 = DATEDIFF(YEAR, BirthDate, ’20150124′),
ModDate = CONVERT(varchar, ModifiedDate, 105)
FROM Employee
WHERE FullName = ‘Rob Walters’
ORDER BY FullName
GO
/* Results
Important Note: age increments on Jan 1 (not as commonly calculated)
FullName AgeDEC31 AgeJAN01 AgeJAN23 AgeJAN24 ModDate
Rob Walters 49 50 50 50 03-01-2009
*/
————
– SQL combine integer date & time into datetime
————
– Datetime format sql
– SQL stuff
DECLARE @DateTimeAsINT TABLE ( ID int identity(1,1) primary key,
DateAsINT int,
TimeAsINT int
)
– NOTE: leading zeroes in time is for readability only!
INSERT @DateTimeAsINT (DateAsINT, TimeAsINT) VALUES (20121023, 235959)
INSERT @DateTimeAsINT (DateAsINT, TimeAsINT) VALUES (20121023, 010204)
INSERT @DateTimeAsINT (DateAsINT, TimeAsINT) VALUES (20121023, 002350)
INSERT @DateTimeAsINT (DateAsINT, TimeAsINT) VALUES (20121023, 000244)
INSERT @DateTimeAsINT (DateAsINT, TimeAsINT) VALUES (20121023, 000050)
INSERT @DateTimeAsINT (DateAsINT, TimeAsINT) VALUES (20121023, 000006)
SELECT DateAsINT, TimeAsINT,
CONVERT(datetime, CONVERT(varchar(8), DateAsINT) + ‘ ‘+
STUFF(STUFF ( RIGHT(REPLICATE(’0′, 6) + CONVERT(varchar(6), TimeAsINT), 6),
3, 0, ‘:’), 6, 0, ‘:’)) AS DateTimeValue
FROM @DateTimeAsINT
ORDER BY ID
GO
/* Results
DateAsINT TimeAsINT DateTimeValue
20121023 235959 2012-10-23 23:59:59.000
20121023 10204 2012-10-23 01:02:04.000
20121023 2350 2012-10-23 00:23:50.000
20121023 244 2012-10-23 00:02:44.000
20121023 50 2012-10-23 00:00:50.000
20121023 6 2012-10-23 00:00:06.000
*/
————
– SQL Server string to datetime, implicit conversion with assignment
UPDATE Employee SET ModifiedDate = ’20150123′
WHERE FullName = ‘Rob Walters’
GO
SELECT ModifiedDate FROM Employee WHERE FullName = ‘Rob Walters’
GO
– Result: 2015-01-23 00:00:00.000
/* SQL string date, assemble string date from datetime parts */
– SQL Server cast string to datetime – sql convert string date
– SQL Server number to varchar conversion
– SQL Server leading zeroes for month and day
– SQL Server right string function
UPDATE Employee SET BirthDate =
CONVERT(char(4),YEAR(CAST(’1965-01-23′ as DATETIME)))+
RIGHT(’0′+CONVERT(varchar,MONTH(CAST(’1965-01-23′ as DATETIME))),2)+
RIGHT(’0′+CONVERT(varchar,DAY(CAST(’1965-01-23′ as DATETIME))),2)
WHERE FullName = ‘Rob Walters’
GO
SELECT BirthDate FROM Employee WHERE FullName = ‘Rob Walters’
GO
– Result: 19650123
– Perform cleanup action
DROP TABLE Employee
– SQL nocount
SET NOCOUNT OFF;
GO
————
————
– sql isdate function
————
USE tempdb;
– sql newid – random sort
SELECT top(3) SalesOrderID,
stringOrderDate = CAST (OrderDate AS varchar)
INTO DateValidation
FROM AdventureWorks.Sales.SalesOrderHeader
ORDER BY NEWID()
GO
SELECT * FROM DateValidation
/* Results
SalesOrderID stringOrderDate
56720 Oct 26 2003 12:00AM
73737 Jun 25 2004 12:00AM
70573 May 14 2004 12:00AM
*/
– SQL update with top
UPDATE TOP(1) DateValidation
SET stringOrderDate = ‘Apb 29 2004 12:00AM’
GO
– SQL string to datetime fails without validation
SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderDate = CAST (stringOrderDate as datetime)
FROM DateValidation
GO
/* Msg 242, Level 16, State 3, Line 1
The conversion of a varchar data type to a datetime data type resulted in an
out-of-range value.
*/
– sql isdate – filter for valid dates
SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderDate = CAST (stringOrderDate as datetime)
FROM DateValidation
WHERE ISDATE(stringOrderDate) = 1
GO
/* Results
SalesOrderID OrderDate
73737 2004-06-25 00:00:00.000
70573 2004-05-14 00:00:00.000
*/
– SQL drop table
DROP TABLE DateValidation
Go
————
– SELECT between two specified dates – assumption TIME part is 00:00:00.000
————
– SQL datetime between
– SQL select between two dates
SELECT EmployeeID, RateChangeDate
FROM AdventureWorks.HumanResources.EmployeePayHistory
WHERE RateChangeDate >= ’1997-11-01′ AND
RateChangeDate < DATEADD(dd,1,’1998-01-05′)
GO
/* Results
EmployeeID RateChangeDate
3 1997-12-12 00:00:00.000
4 1998-01-05 00:00:00.000
*/
/* Equivalent to
– SQL datetime range
SELECT EmployeeID, RateChangeDate
FROM AdventureWorks.HumanResources.EmployeePayHistory
WHERE RateChangeDate >= ’1997-11-01 00:00:00′ AND
RateChangeDate < ’1998-01-06 00:00:00′
GO
*/
————
– SQL datetime language setting
– SQL Nondeterministic function usage – result varies with language settings
SET LANGUAGE ‘us_english’; –– Jan 12 2015 12:00AM
SELECT US = convert(VARCHAR,convert(DATETIME,’01/12/2015′));
SET LANGUAGE ‘British’; –– Dec 1 2015 12:00AM
SELECT UK = convert(VARCHAR,convert(DATETIME,’01/12/2015′));
SET LANGUAGE ‘German’; –– Dez 1 2015 12:00AM
SET LANGUAGE ‘Deutsch’; –– Dez 1 2015 12:00AM
SELECT Germany = convert(VARCHAR,convert(DATETIME,’01/12/2015′));
SET LANGUAGE ‘French’; –– déc 1 2015 12:00AM
SELECT France = convert(VARCHAR,convert(DATETIME,’01/12/2015′));
SET LANGUAGE ‘Spanish’; –– Dic 1 2015 12:00AM
SELECT Spain = convert(VARCHAR,convert(DATETIME,’01/12/2015′));
SET LANGUAGE ‘Hungarian’; –– jan 12 2015 12:00AM
SELECT Hungary = convert(VARCHAR,convert(DATETIME,’01/12/2015′));
SET LANGUAGE ‘us_english’;
GO————
– SQL Server 2008 T-SQL find next Monday for a given date
DECLARE @DateTime DATETIME = ’2012-12-31′
SELECT NextMondaysDate=DATEADD(dd,(DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @DateTime) / 7 * 7) + 7, 0),
WeekDayName=DATENAME(dw,DATEADD(dd,(DATEDIFF(dd, 0, @DateTime) / 7 * 7) + 7, 0));
/*
NextMondaysDate WeekDayName
2013-01-07 00:00:00.000 Monday
*/
————
————
– Function for Monday dates calculation
————
USE AdventureWorks2008;
GO
– SQL user-defined function
– SQL scalar function – UDF
CREATE FUNCTION fnMondayDate
(@Year INT,
@Month INT,
@MondayOrdinal INT)
RETURNS DATETIME
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @FirstDayOfMonth CHAR(10),
@SeedDate CHAR(10)
SET @FirstDayOfMonth = convert(VARCHAR,@Year) + ‘-’ + convert(VARCHAR,@Month) + ‘-01′
SET @SeedDate = ’1900-01-01′
RETURN DATEADD(DD,DATEDIFF(DD,@SeedDate,DATEADD(DD,(@MondayOrdinal * 7) - 1,
@FirstDayOfMonth)) / 7 * 7, @SeedDate)
END
GO
– Test Datetime UDF
– Third Monday in Feb, 2015
SELECT dbo.fnMondayDate(2016,2,3)
– 2015-02-16 00:00:00.000
– First Monday of current month
SELECT dbo.fnMondayDate(Year(getdate()),Month(getdate()),1)
– 2009-02-02 00:00:00.000
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